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Empirical evaluation of the relative economic sovereignty of the EU: implications for anti-coercion policies
Kovalchuk, Olha ; Semerák, Vilém (advisor) ; Schwarz, Jiří (referee)
Zvýšené geopolitické napětí v posledním desetiletí odhalilo řadu hrozeb, které by mohly ohrozit relativní ekonomickou suverenitu Evropské unie. Pokusy velkých mocností, jako jsou USA, Čína a Rusko, ovlivnit politickou integritu EU prostřednictvím ekonomicky donucovacích opatření, ukázaly zásadní význam pro zajištění odolných dodavatelských řetězců. Tato práce poskytuje analýzu možných zranitelností dodavatelských řetězců EU v letech 1995-2020 na základě analýzy vstupů a výstupů a analýzy přímých dovozních závislostí na základě dat BACI. Modifikovaná metoda hypotetické extrakce, metoda globální extrakce, byla použita k měření účinků simulovaných šoků na ekonomiku EU ze zákazů dovozu ze strany hlavních světových mocností a naopak. Klíčové závislosti mezi EU a Ruskem, Čínou a USA byly zjištěny z hlediska přímých dovozních závislostí, meziproduktů a celkových vstupů, konečné poptávky a přidané hodnoty. Klíčová zjištění práce odhalují, že i když existuje vysoká míra vzájemné závislosti mezi EU a dalšími hlavními aktéry, důležitost obrany její ekonomické suverenity zůstává zásadní pro ochranu politické integrity EU před zahraničními donucovacími opatřeními.
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Water footprint of consumption of the Czech households
Možíšová, Jana ; Ščasný, Milan (advisor) ; Turdaliev, Salim (referee)
Since the human society rises the requirements on environment it is important to find ways to mitigate the pressure. One of the possible important aspects could be consumption behaviour of individuals. In thesis we examine the water footprint connected to consumption of Czech households. Using the hybrid input-output analysis we compute the water intensities for domestic production and imported products of 90 product groups and connect them with household expenditures described for 2899 Czech households. In our analysis we use data for 2018 and describe the results separately for blue and green water footprint. The mean annual consumption of blue and green water is 214.3 m3 and 2544 m3 respectively per household member. The highest responsible category for total water footprint is category of food with the 74 %. This category has also the largest computed water intensity among the twelve consumption groups. Analysis also showed the water footprint is distributed unevenly through the households divided to deciles by expenditures. The lowest decile uses about 4 % of total water footprint in comparison to tenth decile consuming almost 18 %. By the linear regression of expenditures and water footprints we got the statistically significant elasticities varies between 0.48 to 2.71. Keywords Water...
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Analysis of the possible effects of TTIP on Czech automotive sector
Janičata, Jiří ; Semerák, Vilém (advisor) ; Rusnák, Marek (referee)
This thesis analyzes possible effects of TTIP treaty on Czech automotive sector. First part of thesis describes history of trade liberalization between EU and USA and actual state of TTIP. Second part describes current tariff and non-tariff barriers in automotive sector, which can be removed or reduced after ratification of TTIP. Third part shows results of selected impact assessments of TTIP and explains CGE model, which will be used in final part. In the final part, an estimate of the impact of the TTIP contract on the Czech automotive industry is made on the basis of selected scenarios. The CGE-GTAP model using the data from the GTAP 9 database was selected for the impact assessment. The scenarios simulate the economic shock that would occur after the tariff cuts or non-tariff barriers between EU countries and the US using the shock of selected exogenous variables in RunGTAP program. The results of the models show a significant increase in exports from the Czech Republic to the USA in the simulation of tariff and non-tariff barriers, but also a slight decrease in exports to other regions. New findings are summarized in the summary, complemented by the author's commentary.
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Impact of brexit on Great Britain's foreign trade with the Czech Republic and Slovakia
Brousilová, Taťána ; Hlaváček, Michal (advisor) ; Paulus, Michal (referee)
The United Kingdom is the first country ever to leave European Union. The aim of this bachelor thesis is to analyse the impact of Brexit on the Czech and Slovak Republic. This thesis characterizes the foreign trade of the Czech Republic and Slovakia with the assumption that most of the impact of Brexit will depend on indirect trade links and not only on the foreign trade of the United Kingdom with the Czech Republic and Slovakia. This effect is expected due to Germany being the main trading partner of the Czech Republic and Slovakia. Using Input-Output analysis and two symmetric Input-Output tables for these countries, the direct impact caused by the reduction in exports of the United Kingdom was estimated first. Using the World Input-Output Table, the direct and indirect impact on the Czech Republic and Slovakia was calculated. This impact is caused by the weakening of the trade relationships between the United Kingdom and the Member States of the European Union. The analysis confirms the expected increased impact of Brexit on the Czech Republic and Slovakia through indirect trade links. The analysis further identifies the production of motor vehicles, trailers and semi-trailers as the most affected sector, both in the Czech Republic and in Slovakia.
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Measuring Air Transport Industry Linkages: Input-Output Analysis
Tax, Tomáš ; Semerák, Vilém (advisor) ; Macháček, Vít (referee)
This thesis examines linkages of the Czech air-transport sector to the rest of the Czech economy using the hypothetical extraction method (HEM) within the input-output analysis. In order to estimate air transport total linkages on the Czech economy together with linkages air transport has with its upstream and downstream industries, three different forms of hypothetical extractions using two input-output models (the Leontief and the Ghosh models) were applied on the World Input-Output Tables (WIOTs). The Leontief model enabled quantification of the total and backward (upstream) linkages, whereas the Ghosh model was used to measure forward (downstream) linkages of air transport. Moreover, upstream and downstream domestic industries, that would be hit the most by the extraction of air transport from the Czech economy, were identified using the corresponding models. The results of the research allow to estimate how the rest of the economy would be affected by the Czech air transport's shutdown (for example due to travel restrictions connected to the Covid-19 pandemic) and help to identify industries hit the most by such industry closure.
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Brexit and mutual trade between the Czech Republic and the United Kingdom
Vosmanský, Jakub ; Dědek, Oldřich (advisor) ; Palanský, Miroslav (referee)
This bachelor thesis deals with the current issue of leaving the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland from the European Union, assesses the possible impact of Brexit on mutual trade between the Czech Republic and the United Kingdom and evaluates its possible impact on the Czech economy. After a brief overview of the history of the UK membership in the EU, a description of the complicated EU and UK negotiations follows. Another chapter deals with some studies and analyzes evaluating the impact of Brexit on the British economy. The following discussion concerns negotiated Withdrawal Agreement and some possible EU-UK mutual relation models after finishing the transition period - membership in the European Economic Area (Norwegian model), negotiation of a free trade agreement (Swiss model, Canadian model), withdrawal without agreement (hard Brexit). The UK is one of the most important export partners of the Czech Republic, which results from the evaluation of mutual trade exchange data. In the final part, this thesis examines the possible influence of the decline of the British economy consumption on GDP of the Czech Republic using the Input- Output analysis and evaluates the potential impact of Brexit on the mutual trade between the Czech Republic and the UK in the automotive industry....
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Analysis of the possible effects of TTIP on Czech automotive sector
Janičata, Jiří ; Semerák, Vilém (advisor) ; Rusnák, Marek (referee)
This thesis analyzes possible effects of TTIP treaty on Czech automotive sector. First part of thesis describes history of trade liberalization between EU and USA and actual state of TTIP. Second part describes current tariff and non-tariff barriers in automotive sector, which can be removed or reduced after ratification of TTIP. Third part shows results of selected impact assessments of TTIP and explains CGE model, which will be used in final part. In the final part, an estimate of the impact of the TTIP contract on the Czech automotive industry is made on the basis of selected scenarios. The CGE-GTAP model using the data from the GTAP 9 database was selected for the impact assessment. The scenarios simulate the economic shock that would occur after the tariff cuts or non-tariff barriers between EU countries and the US using the shock of selected exogenous variables in RunGTAP program. The results of the models show a significant increase in exports from the Czech Republic to the USA in the simulation of tariff and non-tariff barriers, but also a slight decrease in exports to other regions. New findings are summarized in the summary, complemented by the author's commentary.
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Czech and Chinese Trade Relationships: Evaluation and Impact
Jakab, Miroslav ; Semerák, Vilém (advisor) ; Cazachevici, Alina (referee)
Czech and Chinese Trade Relationships: Evaluation and Impact Miroslav Jakab Abstract The focus of this work is an analysis of the economic relationships between the Czech Republic and China. This is done by calculating indirect trade flow estimates from national input-output tables to provide a full picture of the trade relations. A Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) model is then used in order to evaluate the interconnectedness of the two economies based. The findings reveal a picture of relatively low influence concerning general welfare changes, which can nevertheless bring benefit or loss to particular industries involved.
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The Strengths and Limitations of Input-Output Analysis in Evaluating Fiscal Policy
Líšková, Lenka ; Baxa, Jaromír (advisor) ; Kukačka, Jiří (referee)
"The Strengths and Limitations of Input-Output Analysis in Evaluating Fiscal Policy" by Bc. Lenka Liskova Abstract: The thesis addresses the recent debates on suitable macroeconomic policy and calls for an alternative evaluation and forecasting method of economic impact, by assessing the applicability of Leontief's input- output model. We concentrate on providing an insight into the entire process of input-output analysis, which yields computation of simple input-output multipliers - output, gross value added and income multi- pliers. Thanks to the ability to capture linkages in the economy, com- puted multipliers are used as a tool to evaluate the effects of vehicle scrappage schemes and ICT infrastructure investment subsidies applied within a sample of diverse developed countries - Australia, Germany, Japan, UK and USA. We also aim to provide a sufficient explanation of the input-output model and a computation manual based on the example of the Leontief open model and calculation of simple multipli- ers. In our research, we numerically evaluate the effects of fiscal stim- ulus measures in the automobile industry and ICT sector and provide their comparison among 5 countries with different industry structures. Most importantly, the thesis provides a suggestion for policy makers to consider applying input-output...
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Testing Heckscher-Ohlin model on case of the CR
Vondřička, Jakub ; Semerák, Vilém (advisor) ; Doležel, Pavel (referee)
The thesis tests the Heckscher-Ohlin model on the Czech Republic data. First, it presents theoretical background of the factor abundance theory and describes the development of the Czech economy. Based on these, it builds a hypothesis about the factor intensity of Czech exports and imports. The hypothesis is then tested using the input-output analysis on the data from the year 2005. The thesis also explains the assumptions of the Heckscher-Ohlin model and the input-output analysis and their impacts on the results of empirical test. Results of the thesis show that the relations predicted by the Heckscher-Ohlin model are in line with the economic reality of the Czech Republic.
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